Also, there was another guy in the Institute who wanted to take over my nuclear magnetic resonance laboratory, so. It was really a difficult process. Their backlighting technology was becoming cheaper and cheaper as was battery technology, and it was becoming harder to compete. Which I couldn't imagine doing today, but we live in a different world. McGrath and Silvidi would be there. But they were finding it not a very big market and a very unusual market. This chemical physics program was still on the books, but nobody was using it anymore. I really prepared for that. Did those events shape the Institute in any significant way? Les Avenires Veyrins-Thuellin Localisation : Country France, Region Auvergne-Rhne-Alpes, Department Isre.Available Information : Postal address, Phone number, Fax number, Website, Email address, Mayor, Geographical coordinates, Population, Altitude, Area, Weather and Hotel.Nearby cities and villages : Corbelin, Granieu and Brgnier-Cordon. One such group was run by a developer named Larry Tannas. you lucky dog. Before, it was called Kent Display Systems. [We are, of course, not anywhere near where Cambridge and Silicon Valley are but we do, at least, have a start.] I don't know who all sued who, but there was a preliminary hearing in Cleveland, and a number of attorneys from different places showed up to this thing. I had a friend at MIT who told me that was what they liked to do at MIT, get faculty, post-docs, and students to be entrepreneurs to spin off the technology. They began to take a real interest in this technology because it was reflective, displayed color and was low power. There were some US companies such as General Motors and a few others, but it was mostly going across the ocean. Town Center at Cobb October 13, 2010. It just worked out. I was able to convince the dean of arts and science to support a building that went between chemistry and physics. [Laugh] When we had our meetings and discussions, I always wanted to see something, not just a bunch of words and slides. It's good of Wil Franklin that he did this. He earned his PhD from the University of Missouri in 1965. I thought I was too old to be a good researcher anymore. I thought, "Here comes Jim Fergason again! [Laugh] I thought that was a great hire because the Institute really needed somebody who was doing applied work. I had a quote from Glenn Brown I wanted to read for you. Back then, backlights were not very well-developed, and they took a lot of power. I liked working with my hands, and I liked building things. And to give the University some visibility, and give the faculty visibility so they could get grants and stuff. Newly updated with Stainless Steel Appliances, Flooring with Luxury Vinyl Planks and Tile, Stainless Steel Sink, New Lighting, Tile shower in the master. There's very fundamental stuff going on in universities with DNA research, for example, but they're involved very practically, investigating the feasibility for all sorts of industrial interests. Because I was far out in the country, I went to a one-room schoolhouse for all eight grades. As a university, we may have, at one time, been the largest contributor to talks and demonstrations at those Society conferences. That may have caught their attention. [Laugh] I have one bigger question for you. He decided to patent it on his own which turned out to be a serious problem for the University.As I recall, there was an attorney up in Cleveland to help him in this effort. I didn't necessarily look at it as a way just to help my own research, although I could see that it would help to have other people around doing this. Minutes from KSU, Town Center Mall, and all Major Dining. When we started working on it at the liquid crystal institute, other people were working on this material. But continuing that attitude didn't work when the materials began to be developed and their use became recognized. But back then, for that situation at that time, me being in academia, in the physics department, and there being a big desire to understand the fundamental properties of liquid crystals, it was important to collect liquid crystal research on the research campus at KSU to help the faculty involved. The company's success is, in a large part, due to him and it is fitting that he be CEO today.CRAWFORD: Around what time did you step back from full-time work at the company?DOANE: It happened gradually over the years. Another problem at that time, which isn't an issue anymore, was having the right kind of liquid crystal material to use it with. Before, I was just working as a physics faculty member. I went around looking for investors, since I had no money on my own to do it. You had talked about how part of moving into that space between physics and chemistry was to encourage interactions and stuff.DOANE: It was golden. I knew he was going to really quiz me about my research because he would want to know how I was going to fund it and that stuff. It was doing very well then to give a new director time to settle in before ALCOM ended.CRAWFORD: Did you ever consider just stepping down as director and going back to doing research as a faculty member?DOANE: Back then, you could retire, and after you were retired for so many years, you could run the Institute again. I saw only a few closed stores on. Doane became Assistant Director of the LCI (1979-1983) under Glenn Brown and served as the Director from 1983-1996. It was sort of a political thing. And [the liquid crystal work] just died out. I wanted something like MIT and Stanford, where they had companies building up all around the universities. This unique feature makes possible all sorts of low power, color reflective display applications. [Laugh] Strung my antennas and so on. But the nice thing about it is, you can erase it and use it over again. CRAWFORD: I know you said there were tensions between Fergason and Brown. The first person I hired was Elaine Landry because I needed a really good administrator to help me organize things and put these proposals together. So, that sort of thing? For example, without that, I probably couldn't even have convinced Rudy Butler to build this building and centralize the effort on the research campus. #enr #mthanisation #gazvert #nergierenouvelable #enr #mthanisation #gazvert #nergierenouvelable "DOANE: He's right.CRAWFORD: That captures the spirit of the Institute at the time?DOANE: Oh, yeah. But as soon as I retired, I joined the company as CTO for a while. Dec 20, 2021. [These beautiful displays have been a major contributor to todays social media for example. We decided I should go, so I went. You license a technology, and within a short while, sometimes within a year, the company you've licensed it to has already further developed technology and written patents around it, then they're back knocking on the door, negotiating for reduced payments. We found that we could switch these things from a white to a beautiful clear with an electric field and make unique optical devices. I'd come in and do things on a part-time basis, primarily to help with intellectual property issues. I need a softball player." It was an opportunity for the US, and it did not happen. My focus changed later toward applications of liquid crystals, but that was it at that time. In the summer of '67, my wife and I took our summer vacation, and we went back home to visit our parents. The University had on its books the physics department's first graduate program called Chemical Physics. At that time, the liquid crystals were unstable and would decompose over time. After he got his degree, while he was looking for [an industrial position], I had him as a postdoctoral fellow for a short while in my lab. CRAWFORD: Good! It grants you the patent, but you have to protect it. But it did force them to really think about, "Is what I'm doing really relevant?" Well, that was marvelous. [It developed into a huge research effort involving the institute and the physics and chemistry departments; however after several years, I began to see the real problem of the institute being located apart from the research campus.] And the city of Kent got nothing from it. And that's the proposal we gave them and that is what they funded. Is it the case that they had seen what the Japanese were doing with displays and came to the American scientific community asking them to develop something like that for them? They had properties like solid crystals, yet they were like liquids. I didn't think we had a chance in hell of getting this thing because it was thrown together so fast. Chemistry hadn't had its graduate program very long before that. I did see its potential in applications and recognized that it should probably be patented. You have to be able to see how you fit in and how you can contribute. I thought maybe a master's degree would be good. According to the US Census, the tract of land stretching between Town Center. I know you established the company in 1993, and you talked a little bit about how you came in contact with Bill Manning and started working with him. In '65, when I was interviewing for the positions, there was already some work going on here and there around the country. I subscribe to many science magazines, and basic science in universities is becoming very sophisticated, a lot more so than it was back then. I said, "This is great, we've made it to the site visit." The International Liquid Crystal Conferences initiated by Glenn Brown were now being held in places like Berlin Germany and other foreign countries. The goal is to just have a conversation, and certainly, you've filled in the picture a lot about the Institute, and the development of liquid crystals, and the changes in the way science is done. CRAWFORD: Well, thank you very much for saying that. It was all just basic research funded by the THEMIS project.] ________________[1] Dr. Doane wants to be clear that Goodyear's interest in liquid crystal displays for their blimp was separate from his receipt of the award from the Society for Information Displays. I did consider staying there. He wanted to be where there were some trees. We put together a massive proposal from our group to NSF. At that time, a group at Xerox had started looking at it. The writing can stay there forever if desired. I then had a formal role in the Institute. So you can see green writing on a black background. Originally moving into the space between physics and chemistry was essential in getting the ALCOM Center. He reconfigured the company. [Laugh] But I was able to do it. While I had two sisters, [eight and ten years older], I was pretty much like an only child in the sense that we lived so far out in the country that, to go to high school, my sisters had to live with a family in town. Today's date is August 10th, 2021. One experiment he wanted to do was to look at cosmic rays that came in on the horizon and passed through the Rocky Mountains, to see how they were absorbed in the Rocky Mountains. [Laugh] I found out right away that nuclear magnetic resonance was a really good tool to study liquid crystalline materials at the molecular level.CRAWFORD: What was it that made you think to apply it to liquid crystals?DOANE: It's a phase of matter between solids and liquids, and I thought, "I'd like to see what they look like from the point of view of nuclear magnetic resonance." My wife and I went to [Tacoma]. Today is August 9th, 2021. You have to know how to do that and how to learn from others. For example, there was a group (or perhaps groups) taking commercial high resolution flat panel displays apart and reconfiguring them to make them more rugged for aircraft and other applications. [Laugh] The agreements we got were often really helpful to us. CRAWFORD: Was this started in 1991?DOANE: I think it was awarded in 1991. There now have been many other spinoffs. I convinced Bill Manning to come aboard and also found somebody to run the company. ]CRAWFORD: When you took over as director, obviously you were moving in this applied direction, but did you also want to develop the LCI's relationship with companies?DOANE: Oh, yes, I did. But when I married Shirley, she knew from the very beginning I wanted to go back to graduate school. Patents aren't as convenient of a thing as you'd like to think they might be. [audio cuts out] [However, that was just a small part of the overall program as at least half of the faculty in the physics department and many in the chemistry department became heavily involved in liquid crystal research involving theory and numerous different experiment techniques. That was their focus. CRAWFORD: How did you find her?DOANE: I knew her because she was in the physics department, and I saw what a good administrator she was there. But the professors themselves often are the ones [who often want to keep hold of that technology. It's a very complex issue. The University wanted to license it, and I talked the University into letting me form a company around this. This of course did not happen. CRAWFORD: I believe that paper came out in 1957. At that point, I went to the University of Akron, where they had a polymer program, and I found a group over there headed by Frank Harris that really wanted to do this. [I have no idea how much endowment MIT and Stanford get from the local economy, but they both have huge, profitable high tech industries with many faithful alums.] If you had something black behind it to create a background, you could switch on and off a bright red image, for example, on black background. I told them I would do it if I could have a few positions with the promise that I would bring in some federal support for the program. We wouldnt have had such good displays on our cell phones if it wasnt for this Institute. [End Part 3]. Then, you have to pass graduate exams and so on. It benefits in many ways, beyond licensing income. Also around that timearound '67, a lot of things happened. A laser emits a very bright beam of light, and then there was a maser, where you could do the same thing with microwaves. I just knew Jim was working on this stuff. The reason I thought this important was that back in the late 80s, I was on a panel to go to Japan that was funded by DARPA, and NSF, to learn what the Japanese were doing and how they got to where they were. But the political turmoil in the 30s in Germany was horrible. At that time, I wanted to move the liquid crystal building on to the research campus because that was where most of the research was going on. There were a lot of them to populate those places. The technology and economic benefit wound up in Japan [and ultimately Korea and China].CRAWFORD: It was a real lost opportunity.DOANE: Oh, big-time. I talked to the physics department to see if I could get an appointment for him in physics, but they didnt want to do it. I don't think they had any effect on the Institute or what it was doing. [I think it was called ARPA at that time. I'm glad you're talking to other people, not just me, and really getting a good handle on what actually happened. Theoretically, you could make what was called a raser. I wanted to see more spin-off companies. That is to say, you can write on it with almost anything, even your fingernail, but usually with a pointed stylus. CRAWFORD: Who was that?DOANE: His name was Albert Green. MIT was loosely involved, Columbia University, and UCLA. CRAWFORD: Maybe not as a categorial research program. MLS ID: 10127388. That's another win-win situation. Faculty and research fellows in the Kent group were finding it more difficult to find support. I think it was a March meeting, so I think it was '65. They sent the two of us to communications school. Doane discusses his life and especially his career as the Director of the Liquid Crystal Institute. Then, we had to decide what to do with this program. He got very interested in these polymer dispersions and helped me with them. 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