Primarily caught from December through April. Pacific jack mackerel is canned in the same manner as salmon. Pacific jack mackerel occur in both pelagic and inshore environments, often venturing up to 600 miles offshore and to known depths of 400 m. In more coastal environments, they are known to inhabit bays and very shallow waters. Acceptable Biological Catch (ABC) are allocated depending on distribution in US (65 percent). The Pacific jack mackerel is distributed through the eastern Pacific Ocean from Alaska in the north, south to the western North American seaboard to the Baja California peninsula in the Gulf of California. Login, Resilient Coastal Communities & Economies, Education, Training and Public Information, http://www.afma.gov.au/portfolio-item/jack-mackerel/, https://www.pcouncil.org/managed_fishery/coastal-pelagic-species/, http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Trachurus-symmetricus.html#, https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=34282&inline, http://calcofi.org/publications/calcofireports/v24/Vol_24_MacCall___Stauffer.pdf, www.wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Marine/CPS-HMS/Jack-Mackerel#29347838-selected-articles-and-publications, www.pcouncil.org/coastal-pelagic-species/fishery-management-plan-and-amendments/, http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/183729/0, https://www.bbcgoodfood.com/recipes/4465/barbecued-mackerel-with-ginger-chilli-and-lime-dri, https://www.nutritionvalue.org/Fish%2C_drained_solids%2C_canned%2C_jack%2C_mackerel_nutritional_value.html, http://www.aaaai.org/conditions-and-treatments/related-conditions/histamine-toxicity, https://wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Marine/MLMA, https://wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Marine/Pelagic#52132542-overview, https://buyingseafood.com/2017/02/27/species-spotlight-mackerel/, https://flickr.com/photos/68147320@N02/28558273400. [12] American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. [6] Maccall, A.D., Stauffer, G.D. 1983. All rights reserved. Found within mixed schools consisting of sardine, Pacific mackerel, and anchovy. https://wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Marine/MLMA. n.d. California Department of Fish and Wildlife. [1] Australian Fisheries Management Authority. http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Trachurus-symmetricus.html#. It may be used interchangeably with salmon or tuna in recipes. [13]Marine Life Management Act. Mitochondrial DNA analysis has now confirmed these subspecies to be separate species, with T. s. murphyi now simply Trachurus murphyi, the Inca scad. NutritionValue.org. [2] It has been reported as far south as the Galpagos Islands, but at these latitudes it would be sympatric with T. murphyi, possibly resulting in confusion of the two species. Commercial fishing occurs along the coast. It is very similar in appearance to other members of its genus, Trachurus, especially T. murphyi, which was once thought to be a subspecies of T. symmetricus, and inhabits waters further south. (2008). The bones can be eaten if in canned form (boiled). [4] Snow, J.T. BBC Worldwide. Larson. Leet, C.M. Large individuals often move inshore and north in the summer. Web. Youtube. The divergence time of these two species was deemed relatively recent, at around 250,000 years ago. [3] Accessed28 May 2017. Fish, drained solids, canned, jack, mackerel. Jack Mackerel. Accessed: 28 May 2017. [10] Jackson, CJ. 2016. https://www.nutritionvalue.org/Fish%2C_drained_solids%2C_canned%2C_jack%2C_mackerel_nutritional_value.html. [5] In the past, mackerel consumption was considered a sign of low income. http://calcofi.org/publications/calcofireports/v24/Vol_24_MacCall___Stauffer.pdf. 2017. Pacific Fishery Management Council.. www.pcouncil.org/coastal-pelagic-species/fishery-management-plan-and-amendments/. The caudal fin is strongly forked, typical amongst Carangidae, while the ventral fin consists of one spine and five soft rays. Pacific jack mackerel travel in large schools, ranging up to 600 miles offshore and to depths of 400 m, generally moving through the upper part of the water column. Scientific name means naturally formed rough tail. Good Food magazine. 2013. Accessed 1 September 2020. As established by the Marine Life Management Act, the California Fish and Game Commission (CFGC) regulates the fishery in state waters, and the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) collects data and helps enforce FMP management rules for this fishery through the Pelagic Fisheries and Ecosystems Program. Trachurus symmetricus. [10], T. symmetricus is known commonly as the 'Pacific jack mackerel' in reference to its distribution, with the species often called simply 'jack mackerel' or 'mackereljack'[2]. Coastal Pelagic Species Fishery Management Plan as amended through amendment 15. Accessibility Accessed04 June 2017. [7][8], The species was first scientifically described by William Orville Ayres in 1855 based on the holotype specimen taken from San Francisco Bay, California. [9] International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Nutritional facts shown for drained, canned, jack, mackerel. CalCOFI Rep., Vol. [citation needed], The Pacific jack mackerel is classified within the genus Trachurus, commonly known as the horse mackerels or jack mackerels. [3] Luna, S.M., N. Bailly. [3], The Pacific jack mackerel is very similar to all other members of Trachurus and a number of other carangid genera, having an elongated, slightly compressed body with both the dorsal and ventral profiles of the body having the same degree of curvature. A 1980s decline in availability of Pacific and Jack mackerel. Color ranges from metallic blue to olive green. In some larger individuals, the last few rays at the posterior of the soft dorsal and anal fins are almost entirely separate from the rest of the fin, forming finlets. CASG Website Support Web. www.wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Marine/CPS-HMS/Jack-Mackerel#29347838-selected-articles-and-publications. flickr. Coastal Pelagic Species: Background. Histamine Toxicity. The fins are mostly hyaline to dusky, although caudal fin may be yellow to reddish. Trachurus symmetricus. [14]Overview of the Pelagic Fisheries and Ecosystems Program. n.d. California Department of Fish and Wildlife. The species has twice been treated as a subspecies; once as Trachurus picturatus symmetricus (a subspecies of the blue jack mackerel), and the second more commonly used subspecies of Trachurus symmetricus symmetricus. Has the lowest adult natural mortality compared to every other pelagic schooling species in the same region. Found from the Eastern Pacific, from Southeast Alaska to Southern Baja California, Mexico, as well as in the Gulf of Mexico. Accessed 24 August 2020. https://buyingseafood.com/2017/02/27/species-spotlight-mackerel/. Barbecued mackerel with ginger, chili & lime drizzle. California Wetfish Producers Association. Dewees, R. Klingbeil, E.J. [6] Recent genetic studies have divided the Carangidae into four subfamilies, with the genus Trachurus falling into Caranginae (or tribe Carangini), being most closely related to the 'scads' of the genera Decapterus and Selar. Accessed28 May 2017. Some of the best barbeque fish are Mackerel species. The lateral line dips strongly after the pectoral fin, having 50 to 53 scales on the upper section and 43 to 52 keeled scutes posteriorly. The pectoral fin terminates before the front of the anal fin, having 22 to 24 rays in total. Matures at a relatively young age of one to three years. Jack Mackerel. There are 24 vertebrae in total. [4], Pacific jack mackerel are fished commercially as well as for sport. For many years, the latter was accepted as a valid combination, with Trachurus symmetricus murphyi considered to be a southern subspecies population. Primarily feeds on large zooplankton, juvenile squid, and anchovy. Terms of Use [3], Pacific jack mackerel are metallic blue to olive-green dorsally, becoming more silvery ventrally, before transitioning to a white belly. Accessed 28 May 2017. Since 1991, catch averages have been less than 2,000 tons each year,composing only about 2% of CPS landings. Generally targeted with round-haul gear. It was referred to as the horse mackerel, and had little market appeal. Prefers subtropical regions at 8 degrees Celsius. Accessed 17 February 2021. The Pacific jack mackerel is a moderately large fish, growing to a maximum recorded length of 81cm, although commonly seen below 55cm. The Pacific jack mackerel (Trachurus symmetricus), also known as the Californian jack mackerel or simply jack mackerel, is an abundant species of pelagic marine fish in the jack family, Carangidae. http://www.aaaai.org/conditions-and-treatments/related-conditions/histamine-toxicity. Biology and Fishery Potential of Jack Mackerel (Trachurus Symmetricus). Accessed28 May 2017. Jack Mackerel. Accessed28 May 2017. California Department of Fish and Game, Richmond, CA. EATING PRACTICALLY LIVE SQUID+ Catch and Sushi Mackerel. [citation needed], Pacific jack mackerel tastes similar to canned sardines. Species Spotlight: Mackerel. This fish is regulated along with other coastal pelagic fish, such as northern anchovy, market squid, Pacific sardine, and Pacific mackerel. Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) Fish are cleaned, gutted and finned, then packed into cans with salt and water. [12] Outdoor Chef Life. Web. https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=34282&inline. http://www.afma.gov.au/portfolio-item/jack-mackerel/. Dorsal fin has 8 spines followed by 31 to 33 rays. Accessed: 28 May 2017. Adults are often found offshore- can be up to 800 km (500 mi) offshore, 400 m (1310 ft) deep. [13] T.Tseng. Join our mailing list and receive funding and fellowship information, news releases, and job announcements. Today, most of these stereotypes are gone. [16] Buying Seafood. Peak catch occurred in 1953, bringing in 70,000 metric tons of yield. Can be fried, baked, poached, grilled, marinated, smoked and barbecued. For a recipe for barbequed mackerel, visit, A demonstration on how to filet and make mackerel sushi can be found on. Californias Living Marine Resources: A Status Report. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T183729A8166054.en, "The jack mackerel (Trachurus symmetricus) resource of the eastern North Pacific", "Molecular phylogenetic relationship of Carangidae based on the sequences of complete mitochondrial cytochrome b gene", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pacific_jack_mackerel&oldid=1101558881, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2012, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 31 July 2022, at 17:35. 2007, July. In the segregated American South, it was often associated with African Americans. It is aserial spawner, withfemales laying an average of about 34,000 eggs per spawning event. Jack Mackerel. https://mexican-fish.com/jack-mackerel/. They are often caught on baited hook from piers and boats, and also while salmon trolling. Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, Justice & Access, 2022 Regents of the University of California. Midwater gear has minimal impact on environment because it does not contact seafloor. https://wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Marine/Pelagic#52132542-overview. Pages 309-311 in W.S. This fish is highly productive! In 1983, C. symmetricus was transferred to Trachurus symmetricus by William N. Eschmeyer and Earl Herald. 24. http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/183729/0. [11] Nutritional Value. Jack mackerel is considered safer to consume than tuna because it is a smaller fish, and not a top predator, thus avoiding accumulation of heavy metals such as mercury. https://flickr.com/photos/68147320@N02/28558273400. Eggs and larvae are commonly encountered beyond 320 km (200 mi) offshore. Web. https://californiawetfish.org/. Web. [15]California Wetfish Producers Association. [5] Mason, J., Bishop, T. 2001. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The fish was redescribed in 1944 under a different name, Decapterus polyaspis, from a specimen caught in Oregon,[4] which under the ICZN rules classifies as a junior synonym, and it is therefore discarded. Accessed 17 February 2021. The top of the head and area near eye is quite dark with a dark spot on the upper rear of the gill cover. Digital image. Accessed 13 January 2021. https://www.pcouncil.org/managed_fishery/coastal-pelagic-species/. Accessed28 May 2017. Accessed28 May 2017. 2016. https://www.bbcgoodfood.com/recipes/4465/barbecued-mackerel-with-ginger-chilli-and-lime-dri. [2] The two separate dorsal fins are composed of eight spines and one spine followed by 31 to 35 soft rays, respectively. [9] He named the species Caranx symmetricus, correctly identifying its relationship to the jacks, but incorporating it into what was later found to be the wrong genus. Accessed 9 December 2020. Mackerel should be put on ice once taken out of the water, otherwise it will spoil quickly and can develop bacteria that leads to scombrid poisoning. Web. The anal fin is composed of two spines anteriorly detached followed by one spine connected to 26 to 30 soft rays. However, in 1948, the US Food and Drug Administration decided to allow the use of "jack mackerel" on all labeling, and that affected its appeal. Mexico- Fish, Marine Life, Birds, and Terrestrial Life. [7] California Department of Fish and Wildlife. Preyed on by larger tuna, billfish, and marine mammals. Accessed28 May 2017. The Jack mackerel fishery is managed federally by NOAA fisheries and, as established by the Magnuson-Stevens Act, the Pacific Fishery Management Council (PFMC) through the Coastal Pelagic Species Fishery Management Plan (CPSFMP). Fish Base. Caballa con Sabores de Caesar: Jack mackerel, sweet garlic, braised romaine, soft egg. [citations needed], Before 1947, the pacific jack mackerel was of minor importance. It is a medium-to-large-sized fish, growing to a maximum known length of 81cm (32in), although more commonly below 55cm. The species' teeth are minute, with a patch of teeth on the tongue in a narrow club-shaped strip. Trachurus is part of the jack family Carangidae, which is classified within the order Carangiformes. Assessed with Least Concern in northeastern Pacific, there is. Web. The California Wetfish Producers Association combines input from the industry and government entities to inform regulatory andmanagement measures for this fishery. Web. The new label, combined with low catches of Pacific sardine in 1947-48 and increased catches of pacific jack mackerel during the same time, resulted in the fish gaining importance. [2] Pacific Fishery Management Council. [8] National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2020. It is distributed along the western coast of North America, ranging from Alaska in the north to the Gulf of California in the south, inhabiting both offshore and inshore environments. Accessed 2 December 2020.
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