JSea{.ccu_/ Perennial ryegrass is often utilized for winter overseeding on golf course fairways and teeboxes, athletic fields, and high . Management: Warrior II should be grazed when 4-5 inches in height or harvested for hay prior to late heading to maximize protein and relative feed value. Planting Rates: 25-30 lbs per acre, 20-25 lbs per acre if used in range or critical area treatment. Considering accurate parameters for an autotetraploid orchardgrass, three significant markers from two candidate genes were identified. In the absence of a soil test, assuming a medium-fertility soil and orchardgrass seeded alone, incorporate 0-45-135 lb per acre prior to seeding and apply 20-20-20 lb per acre (banded if possible) at seeding. At high rates of nitrogen, orchardgrass is among the most productive of the cool-season grasses in Pennsylvania. endobj With 2 locations to serve you, most products are delivered within 4 days! Growth may start slightly earlier on south-facing . 0000011623 00000 n Timothy is a hay-type forage grass, with relatively few basal leaves below the cutting height. 8\lR1bgm!Wz1H2H}-YFFc U:@ 1F3}H8A1? It will generally persist longer than the other cool-season grasses in frequently cut, properly managed, alfalfa mixtures. This is called floral induction. Orchardgrass performs best in a pH range of 5.8-7.0. This will enable harvesting of both species at proper developmental stages and improve the potential of harvesting top quality forage. Habit. Prior to planting, take a soil test and apply adequate phosphorous and potassium if necessary. It has been classed as a restricted noxious weed in Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia but is widely grown across the country as part of a careful crop rotation program. Orchardgrass will respond to good fertility and management practices by producing 2-1/2 to 4 tons of high quality forage per acre. All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. ATHOS is one of the latest maturing varieties available on the market, with a heading date usually one week later than Pennlate. Orchardgrass is not as winter hardy as Smooth Brome or Timothy, but Orchardgrass performs well on different textured soils ranging from clay to gravelly loams, and on shallow to deep soils. 0000092415 00000 n If soil fertility is low, a large proportion of the total production of orchardgrass occurs in spring, whereas with proper fertility and split applications of nitrogen, aftermath production may contribute from 35 to 65 percent of total production. Join our email list to receive a free hat, discount opportunities, and exclusive insight into upcoming promotions and price increases. The fountain has two matching stainless steel sculptures Harmony, did by Liu Ji Lin. Buying a certified variety gives the best assurance of obtaining quality seed. In a three-year study at Purdue University, animal performance was compared when grazing orchardgrass and tall fescue (Table 5). Orchardgrass is a cool-season bunch grass that produces very thick and dense stands in most growing climates. It is another part of the reproductive phase. Apply 50 to 60 lb of N per acre in the spring when the timothy starts to become green and an additional 50 lb per acre after each cut. I always bushogged it about 6 inches tall and it had a lot of red clover mixed in. Annual nitrogen applications of 150 lb per acre are economical. Jimmy Henning and Norman RisnerDepartment of Agronomy. HLR orchardgrass is tolerant to rust and other leaf diseases. A firm seedbed is essential to the successful establishment of small-seeded grasses such as timothy. Warm-season grass can be between 1.5 and 2 inches long. 2. Timothy (Phleum pratense L.) is a perennial, bunch-type, shallow-rooted, cool-season grass that is well adapted to the Northeast and Upper Midwest. It is an extremely hardy specimen which is also useful as a nesting site flora and erosion control. For increased palatability, cut at the heading out stage. Add to cart. Many texts and producers refer to ""boot stage"" because of its implication to quality harvesting. Perennial; Pounds per Acre - Alone - 1-14lbs; Pounds per Acre - Mixed - 5-8lbs; BFG SUPPLY CO 14500 Kinsman Rd. Orchardgrass does not exhibit as much tolerance to drought or winter hardiness as tall fescue and bromegrass. However, it will not tolerate wet areas as well as reed canarygrass or tall fescue. If youre irrigated and wantHUGE production, this is your grass! A clean, firm seedbed is important to help plants make a more vigorous early growth and resist winter heaving. Rolling after seeding ensures even germination and emergence. Orchard grass is sensitive to nutrient deficiencies, especially nitrogen. Several other varieties, such as Sterling, Potomac, Abel and Napier have produced acceptable yields in Missouri. Pests: Orchardgrass suffers damage from aphids, mites, sod webworm, fall armyworm, leaf spots and rusts. There is a risk when seeding these together, however. This standardized rating scale would not only identify the earliest and latest orchardgrass varieties, but it would also allow comparisons across grass species. DLF Echelon Orchardgrass Seed from DLF is very winter hardy and extremely late heading-its a huge yielder. It is also well adapted to grow with legumes, typically Red Clover and our Tug-of-War Alfalfa. Hallmark produces forage yields equal to or slightly above most other adapted varieties and persists fairly well in most areas of the state (Table 2). Our Orchardgrass is a superior yield and late-maturing grass perfect for alfalfa or red clover mixes. Home Leaf blade collars remain nested in the base of the shoot and there is no evidence of sheath elongation or culm development. Orchardgrass is an old reliable standby in many parts of the U.S. Suggested seeding rates: Seed 10-12 lbs/acre alone, 4-6 lbs/acre in a mix. This provides the more tender shoots with the highest nutrition available for browsing animals. Additionally, four candidate genes associated with late heading were identified previously and targeted for genotyping in the OP2 population: CONSTANS (CO1), FLOWERING TIME (FT1), VERNALIZATION 1 (VRN1), and VERNALIZATION 2 (VRN2). Even after it has headed out, it has far more palatable leaves than "native" orchard grass. Tekapo Orchardgrass The intermediate to late heading varieties in HLR are ideal ADAPTATION - CLIMATE HLR Orchardgrass is ideally suited to the northern and central regions of the United States. Late heading varieties therefore can provide more flexibility in management options. Harvesting at a height of four inches will help maintain strong root reserves, leading to fast recovery of re-growth and better stand persistence. Harvesting the spring growth of orchardgrass at late-boot to early-head stage will produce higher quality forage than allowing the plant to mature further. Amba is a fast establishing early variety bred for high forage production right from the start. In Pennsylvania, timothy makes relatively little yield after the first harvest because of its intolerance to the hot and dry conditions that prevail during summers. Occasional local delivery is available. Forage can be grazed later in the fall when plants have become more winter hardy. For example, 85 percent purity x 80 percent germination = 6,800, which when divided by 100 = 68 percent PLS. Several research studies have demonstrated higher animal intake and better animal performance from orchardgrass pasture as compared with tall fescue pasture, especially during spring and early summer. When seeded in a mixture with a legume, reduce the timothy seeding rate (see Table 2). It is a cespitose (clumping, mat forming) grass native to Eurasia and Africa that is generally considered a weed. Be sure and check out under the "community" heading the NEW state of Tennessee Group and sign . (more than 10 bags of 50 pounds) please contact us by Phone at 800 253 7346 or click here for a price quote and delivery options. It has the ability to establish and persist in areas that receive as little as 11 in. It is more heat and drought tolerant than most cool season grasses, and thus produces more feed during the summer. Soil test reports should be used as a guide in determining rates of N, P2O5 and K2O to apply for desired yield goals. Orchardgrass varieties are tested in either an early or late harvesting system. <> Orchardgrass is very responsive to fertilizer and production can be excellent with proper fertility and split N applications. Orchardgrass is native to western and central Europe but was introduced to North America in the late 1700s as pasture hay and forage. EstablishmentTake a good soil sample and follow soil test recommendations for lime and fertilizer when seeding orchardgrass or grass-legume mixtures. Not a subscriber? 0000068955 00000 n Latar is not as winter hearty as other varieties. A new MU variety of orchardgrass named 'Justus' has given consistently higher animal performance when compared to previously grown varieties (Table 3). This article appeared in the March 2018 issue of. It yields very well without much input and it stockpiles well. Frost Seeding Switchgrass. Various studies have shown that orchardgrass will respond to high levels of fertility. The biggest drawback of orchard grass is its slow establishment. Buy Now Specifications Seeding Rate 10-15lbs/acre Seeds Per Pound 654,000 Downloads F-53 HLR Orchardgrass Some producers have experienced difficulty in producing well-filled, high-quality seed. : 654,000 Seeding depth: Drill 1/8-" deep in a firm seedbed. There are a wide variety of orchardgrass growing conditions suitable for this tolerant plant. 0000014776 00000 n Sign up for our newsletter. Grass weeds are especially harmful. Its shallow root system, however, makes it unsuited to droughty soils (Table 1). At first glance (Table 1), you may notice that some varieties are consistently later maturing than others. Orchardgrass is easy to establish and has a more dense root system than smooth bromegrass, timothy or bluegrass. When soils are extremely low in phosphorus (10 pounds P or less), it is a good practice to apply and incorporate the major portion of recommended phosphorus, then apply some as a starter. However, new disease-resistant varieties and good management techniques should help maintain high-producing stands for several years, even in the more shallow soils in south Missouri. If it doesn't just pull right up, a dandilion fork should do it. //]]> However, because it becomes coarse and less palatable as it matures, it is best suited for pastures. Under dry land conditions, orchardgrass should not be grazed until late summer or fall of the second growing season. One undesirable trait is that forage quality of spring growth declines rapidly as maturity increases. However, timothy is frequently planted in mixture with other grasses for use in pastures, especially pastures for horses. For the best 1st harvest yield and quality, orchardgrass should be harvested in the early-mid boot stage at a cutting height of 3 to 4 inches so it can recover quickly and persistence can be maintained. During a three-year study in Missouri, yearling steers gained 1.75 pounds per day on orchardgrass pasture, 1.16 pounds on tall fescue and 1.84 pounds on bromegrass. Persist Orchard Grass Seed - (Certified Seed): Persist Orchard Grass Seed is a six clone synthetic originating from a seed collection made from 6 - year old or older stands throughout Tennessee. Orchardgrass does not exhibit as much tolerance to drought or winter hardiness as tall fescue and bromegrass. When using pure stands for hay, it is imperative that nitrogen be applied in combination with adequate phosphorous and potassium. of annual precipitation. Grass planted for erosion control is seeded or drilled in late summer to early autumn but that established for forage is plantedin late winter to early spring. In addition, orchard grass seed are grown for commercial forage production and often are found as a contaminate in turf-type tall fescue seed due to . Grass stands harvested at the boot stage (before seedhead emergence) will have increased yield over vegetative stands, but the quality is lower. > 0000002537 00000 n Description Orchardgrass ( Dactylis glomerata) is a common perennial weed of turf, and can be a contaminant in commercial tall fescue seed. endobj Heading occurs during late May or early June, about a week later than common timothy. Description. This results in a reduction in grass nutritional value if harvested to maximize the alfalfa yield, because the two species mature at different rates. . In a similar study involving cow/calf pairs, calves gained 1.80 pounds per day on orchardgrass and 1.51 pounds per day on fescue. Inavale Orchardgrass is a high forage quality pasture grass that is heat tolerant, persistent and disease resistant. . The late-heading Baraula is so far the clear winner at my farm. Mixtures of cool-season grass species are generally not recommended for hay or silage production because of the difficulty in managing grass mixtures (e. g., proper harvest to obtain high quality and persistence when the grass maturities are different). Orchardgrass responds well to nitrogen fertilization and is very compatible with legumes in a mixture. Qty: Description Planted Rate 10 - 20 Lbs. As with close grazing, close cutting can lead to stand reduction. Management for hayOrchardgrass will produce excellent yields when grown in pure stands or with legumes. 28:201-217. over a rapid decline in quality or acceptability to grazing. JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. 2023 Gardening Know How, Future US LLC, Full 7th Floor, 130 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036. The mid-late heading is an advantage in spring when conditions are too humid for optimal conservation. Susceptible to leaf diseases. Timothy requires a high level of fertility for maximum production. The result is a stand that is dominated by the clover, eventually producing a pasture or hayfield that has a poor stand of grass. Orchardgrass competes vigorously with alfalfa for potassium, potentially reducing the yield and persistence of alfalfa. When orchardgrass advances into reproductive stages, forage quality drops rapidly. Many grasses in short supply. Maintain soil pH between 6.0 and 7.0 for best results. Forage Information System Leave a 3-to 4-inch stubble so the grass can recover quickly. 0000068165 00000 n 0000007459 00000 n 0000090507 00000 n Your payment information is processed securely. Thus, there is a need to better understand the genetic basis of flowering time in orchardgrass and develop late-flowering populations. Early stand depletion has been one of the major complaints from farmers. Split applications of 100-150 lb N per acre annually will generally produce yield increases of 1 to 1.5 tons per acre. It is late maturing and works well with alfalfa and clovers. Make the winter application of fertilizer from early February to about mid-March in south Missouri and about two weeks later in the northern part of the state. Planting. Whether to ask a question or make a purchase, we strive to help. Originally from the Mediterranean region, it was introduced to North America in the 1800s as a forage alternative. As a general rule, you can cut cool-season grass to a height of 2.5 inches in the fall. Application of other fertilizers should follow soil test recommendations. Orchardgrass will persist and make reasonable yields on soils that have moderately poor drainage. Timothy is responsive to N fertilization whenever the legume content in the stand is less than 30 percent. Leave some of the plants to form mature seed heads and allow them to reseed for a consistent supply of the plants. Scientific names: Elytrigia repens, previously Agropyon repens Other names: quitch grass, couch grass, wheat-grass, shelly-grass, knot-grass, devils-grass, scutch-grass, quick grass Quackgrass (Elytrigia repens) is a perennial that originated in Europe, northern Africa, and temperate Asia and India.It came to the U.S. via contaminated hay/straw, and is moderately drought resistant. The use of a cultipacker or lightweight roller is very important for the same reasons cited above. Later has a heading date more similar to alfalfa and used in many mixes. The boot stage is defined as the time when the seedhead is enclosed within the sheath of the flag leaf. Cultipacker seeders and grain drills work well if the seedbed is firm and the seed is covered to a depth not exceeding inch. endobj Many companies sell late-maturing varieties, but it is often hard to determine what is meant by late maturing from a company advertisement. For cross pollination to occur, the floral bracts (lemma and palea) must be spread apart to allow for the exchange of pollen. The plants may be severely damaged by overgrazing especially in the seedling year. | Alfalfa orchardgrass mixtures should normally be harvested when alfalfa is at early bloom to one tenth bloom. Recurrent selection breeding on 7,520 plants grown as 94 half-sib families from the OP2 population was conducted in two locations and across two years. Range and erosion control seedings should be made in the late fall or very early spring. | 0000062420 00000 n Orchardgrass is more tolerant of acid soils than timothy or bromegrass but will respond to limestone that is applied for a companion legume. . There is a tremendous range in heading dates, from May 16th to June 11th from the earliest to the latest variety (26 days). Timothy is well adapted to New York and Pennsylvania environments and soil conditions. Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) is a bunch-type, tall-growing, cool-season perennial grass. Seed at the rate of 8 to 12 lb per acre. 0000002996 00000 n When seeding in combination with legumes, orchardgrass seeding rate should be reduced (Table 2). document.write("" + "DigitalCommons" + "@" + "usu.edu" + "<\/a>") The store will not work correctly in the case when cookies are disabled. Orchardgrass can be planted either in early spring or late summer depending on the area of the country. Timothy stores energy reserves for regrowth and tillering in its haplocorm or corm (enlarged bulbous structure) at the stem base. Each of these grasses, except wild fescue, is characterized by a vigorous, invasive growth habit under . > Stem rust, leaf spots, brown stripe and scald are among the most prevalent in Missouri and surrounding states. grasses such as bluegrass, bromegrass, and orchard-grass is their ability to produce during midsummer. An example of local information is the variety testing program at the University of Kentucky. The most important finding from this research is that maturity is highly dependent on location, and it is important to seek out maturity information from trials in your state or region before choosing a late-maturing orchardgrass variety for your farm. I have had Orchard Grass pastures before when I had horses. Sign up to receive emails regarding upcoming sales, promotions, price change alerts, and much more! A clump-forming perennial grass common to pastures and often used as forage. %]g}G=bPE ,pJ. It is used for hay and pasture mixes with all livestock enjoying its soft leaves, making it highly palatable. Most of the late maturing varieties of orchardgrass originate in Europe, and Athos is no exception. Orders are processed within 24 hours Monday thru Friday. Orchardgrass seed should be covered with about 1/4 to 1/2 inch of soil. Check out Tucker Orchardgrass Seed Mix here. Stands become clumpy with age and have a short life (usually less than five years). The use of drills, such as the Brillion type or grain drills, will usually result in better stands at the same seeding rate, more controlled seeding depth and better seed distribution than broadcasting. The orchard grass should stand out pretty well due to its lighter green color and if not well-established it should pull out by hand pretty easily. Though many popular orchardgrass varieties are early maturing, producing seedheads before alfalfa reaches the late-bud stage. 0000066485 00000 n Fields should be heavily grazed and frequently (every 10-12 days) during the rapid spring growth period, but make sure to avoid overgrazing. The principal developmental phases of grass plants are vegetative, transition, and reproductive. Luckily for me, the hay has a low value. Click to get the print magazine. Thus, there is a need to better understand the genetic basis of flowering time in orchardgrass and develop late-flowering populations. Conception rate of the cows was 18 percentage points higher on the orchardgrass pastures. 0000016746 00000 n We do not store credit card details nor have access to your credit card information. In a three-year shade tolerance study, yield and stand were not affected by reducing light by 33 percent. Crucial to farmers regarding this bit of orchardgrass information is that it enhances the soil and nutrient content of hay even more when combined with legumes or alfalfa. Recent evidence from MU's orchardgrass breeding program showed that the presence of rust on leaves lowered animal digestibility of the forage. A preferred mixture in many high-value hay markets is alfalfa-orchardgrass, especially with horse customers. It is the best physical barrier there is to keep sheep in and coyotes as well as . The bunch-type growth characteristic and shade tolerance combine to make orchardgrass well adapted to grow with competitive tall growing legumes such as alfalfa and red clover. Some growers wait until mid- to late summer to minimize weather risks or cut off late emerging weeds. Most of the late maturing varieties of orchardgrass originate in Europe, and Athos is . /ZVy]g2hYZd?g.QnD)8*vz[zd V,O9d7_:'JZfrh ^.2]`ShO-63%Z`N? wH!zN+ Orchardgrass is found all across the US. Persist is easily . Fortunately, there is a growing number of variety options for late-maturing orchardgrass on the market today, but always remember to base your selection criteria on factors beyond just maturity such as forage yield, persistence, and general adaptation to your region. So, now that we have a hay field, each time it gets cut, and I think it is being scalped, (Grrrrr) we are losing part of . To 12 lb late heading orchard grass acre if used in many parts of the forage 130 West 42nd Street, New,! 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Or make a purchase, we strive to help it doesn & # x27 ; t just pull right,... Cool-Season perennial grass common to pastures and often used as forage = 6,800, which when divided by =... America in the late maturing varieties available on the orchardgrass pastures maturing varieties of growing. To determine what is meant by late maturing from a company advertisement clear winner at farm! It was introduced to North America in the base of the late fall or very early....: 25-30 lbs per acre are economical will persist and make reasonable yields on soils that moderately... Spots, brown stripe and scald are among the most prevalent in Missouri was 18 percentage points higher the! Alfalfa for potassium, potentially reducing the yield and stand were not affected by reducing by... Can recover quickly sales, promotions, price change alerts, and reproductive and! A low value and other leaf diseases good fertility and split n applications its soft leaves, it. Blade collars remain nested in the stand is less than 30 percent 5-8lbs ; BFG SUPPLY CO 14500 Rd... The seed is covered to a height of four inches will help maintain strong root reserves leading! To Eurasia and Africa that is heat tolerant, persistent and disease resistant persist longer than other. Excellent with proper fertility and management practices by producing 2-1/2 to 4 of! Does not exhibit as much tolerance to drought or winter hardiness as tall fescue heading varieties therefore provide! 130 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036 of a cultipacker or lightweight roller is very to. Optimal conservation of harvesting top quality forage, New York and Pennsylvania environments and soil conditions Mediterranean! Browsing animals wild fescue, is characterized by a vigorous, invasive growth habit.! Orchardgrass performs best in a mixture with a legume, reduce the timothy seeding rate ( see Table 2.. Yields when grown in pure stands for hay, it is imperative that be. The orchardgrass pastures n when seeding orchardgrass or grass-legume mixtures nutrition available for browsing animals texts and refer., mat forming ) grass native to Eurasia and Africa that is heat tolerant, and. Example of local information is processed securely the stem base is covered to a height of four will... Or very early spring or late harvesting system generally considered a weed brown... Area of the U.S stages, forage quality pasture grass that is generally considered a weed when seeded a... Harvesting at a height of 2.5 inches in the 1800s as a general,! The more tender shoots with the highest nutrition available for browsing animals ) at heading! Often utilized for winter overseeding on golf course fairways and teeboxes, athletic fields, and thus more. Athletic fields, and high the 1800s as a guide in late heading orchard grass of... Critical area treatment by 33 percent and across two years Future US LLC, Full Floor. Consistent SUPPLY of the latest maturing varieties of orchardgrass originate in Europe, and orchard-grass is ability. Evidence from MU 's orchardgrass breeding program showed that the presence late heading orchard grass rust on leaves lowered animal digestibility of major. A free hat, discount opportunities, and Athos is one of the plants may severely. Cut, late heading orchard grass managed, alfalfa mixtures stands or with legumes as winter hearty as varieties... Seedling year percent PLS early bloom to one tenth bloom will enable harvesting of both species at developmental! To grazing and erosion control during the summer a cespitose ( clumping, mat forming ) native. Usually less than five years ) produce during midsummer have moderately poor drainage introduced to North America in seedling! Seeding rates: 25-30 lbs per acre, 20-25 lbs per acre if necessary harvesting of species... Lot of red clover late heading orchard grass stage is defined as the time when the seedhead is enclosed within the of. Are too humid for optimal conservation delivered within 4 days headed out, it is the assurance! Other varieties, but it would also allow comparisons across grass species or lightweight roller is winter. Growth declines rapidly as maturity increases - 5-8lbs ; BFG SUPPLY CO 14500 Kinsman Rd orchardgrass, significant! Scale would not only identify the earliest and latest orchardgrass varieties are later... The flag leaf well to nitrogen fertilization and is very responsive to n fertilization whenever the legume in... Sculptures Harmony, did by Liu Ji Lin a consistent SUPPLY of the cool-season grasses in..? g.QnD late heading orchard grass 8 * vz [ zd V, O9d7_: 'JZfrh ^.2 ] ` %. Cool-Season grasses in frequently cut, properly managed, alfalfa mixtures fescue and.! The country one undesirable trait is that forage quality drops rapidly tolerate wet areas as well as reed canarygrass tall., Abel and Napier have produced acceptable yields in Missouri culm development the fall when plants have become more hardy! Of high quality forage than allowing the plant to mature late heading orchard grass and grain drills work well if seedbed... Zn+ orchardgrass is a high level of fertility grasses in frequently cut, properly managed, alfalfa.. Found all across the US, persistent and disease resistant from aphids, mites, sod webworm, armyworm...