terraform storage account blob container

Access can be password or public-key based. If incorrectly secured, this could result in unauthorised access to systems and data loss. Terraform: modules + output from for_each, Use output value from module that has a for_each set, Terraform module output to use as input in other module specifically with for_each, Error in creating multiple NSGs using single terraform module, Terraform module output variable as input for another module using variables. When needed, Terraform retrieves the state from the backend and stores it in local memory. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Previously deployments of Cloud Block Store were done through a CloudFormations template that allowed provisioning. When needed, Terraform retrieves the state from the backend and stores it in local memory. Create a Terraform configuration with a backend configuration block. Storing the tfstate file in an Azure storage account gives us several advantages such as: State locking: Terraform creates a file lock on the state file when running terraform apply, preventing . This is for a specific reason. Are table-valued functions deterministic with regard to insertion order? Add the following code in nano editor to create a Storage Account. How can I detect when a signal becomes noisy? Using an environment variable prevents the key from being written to disk. Azure storage accounts require a globally unique name. When you close the public access before you create a container, you will not be able to do this anymore. How to provision multi-tier a file system across fast and slow storage while combining capacity? How is the 'right to healthcare' reconciled with the freedom of medical staff to choose where and when they work? Note: You must have your key vault setup to use this. To manage the infrastructure and configuration, Terraform writes the status of resources to a tfstate file. According to Microsoft, An Azure storage account contains all of your Azure Storage data objects: blobs, file shares, queues, tables, and disks. Storing the tfstate file in an Azure storage account gives us several advantages such as: The first thing we need to do is create a container in our storage account to locate the tfstate file. storage_container_name takes only one value, not a list of values. A tag already exists with the provided branch name. You can securely connect to the Blob Storage endpoint of an Azure Storage account by using an SFTP client, and then upload and download files. So the var.storage_containers Are the containers I create. The following is the script file that you created. Terraform - Create a Storage Space and Modules April 24, 2021 Following on from my introductory posts around Terraform, in this post, I'm going to create an Azure Storage account and blob container within Terraform. which are not Data Lake Gen 2) do not have the concept of actual directories. container_delete_retention_policy { What materials and hardware do you plan to use? For more information on Azure Storage encryption, see Azure Storage service encryption for data at rest. if you upload a blob with name images/my-image.png, images will be presented as a directory. Use this template to deploy an IoT Hub and a storage account. 2. But Gaden bei Geisenfeld cabinet makers abilities extend far beyond those obvious spaces. For this to work I'm using an Azure CLI command in a Terraform "null_resource". Configuring the storage account with the activity log export container to use CMKs provides additional confidentiality controls on log data, as a given user must have read permission on the corresponding storage account and must be granted decrypt permission by the CMK. Replace with the name of your Azure storage account. Configure remote state storage account Before you use Azure Storage as a backend, you must create a storage account. Can dialogue be put in the same paragraph as action text? I can't see how there needs to be a relationship between var.STORAGE_CONTAINER_DEFAULT_BLOBS and var.storage_containers. I hope you find this post useful and if you have any questions about this feel free contact me on my socials. In case you prefer to use a Storage Account Access Key as an authentication method, you should define the following values in the backend block. Now that we have both storage accounts we need to create the container for the certificate-store. Stores the state as a Blob with the given Key within the Blob Container within the Blob Storage Account. About 3 months ago Nerdio released an article how you can use your own storage accounts with you custom naming convention. This is an immutable property, when set to true it enables object level immutability at the container level. Stack Overflow Public questions & answers; Stack Overflow for Teams Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers; Talent Build your employer brand ; Advertising Reach developers & technologists worldwide; About the company What sort of contractor retrofits kitchen exhaust ducts in the US? Using this pattern, state is never written to your local disk. Many garden supply companies offer planters and containers that are up to 42 inches tall. Using a Virtual Network Service Endpoint allows the Storage Account's public IP address to understand the identity of the subnets inside your VNets, which in turn allows you to configure the . To learn more about troubleshooting storage account names, see. How to intersect two lines that are not touching, Mike Sipser and Wikipedia seem to disagree on Chomsky's normal form. The configuration data of this block depends on the authentication method used. Impact. Terraform state is stored in plain text and may contain secrets. Why are parallel perfect intervals avoided in part writing when they are so common in scores? Expand the Advanced section to display the advanced properties for the blob. Even when you click on the "Add Directory" button in Azure Portal, you will see the following message: Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! How to create multiple Application Insights using for_each and a set of strings, and reference each of these to a web app? The storageAccounts/blobServices/containers resource type can be deployed to: For a list of changed properties in each API version, see change log. Enable NFSv3 all squash on blob container. Redundancy: The data in Azure Blob Storage is always replicated to ensure durability and high availability. Data stored in an Azure blob is encrypted before being persisted. For more information on Azure Key Vault, see the Azure Key Vault documentation. Run the following command to initiate Terraform. Start here, Terraform on Azure - Create an Azure Virtual Machine. Run the following command to initialize the configuration: Run the following command to run the configuration: You can now find the state file in the Azure Storage blob. To perform this task, we can use PowerShell or Azure CLI. Storing state locally increases the chance of inadvertent deletion. commander ahsoka tano proving grounds. Many Git commands accept both tag and branch names, so creating this branch may cause unexpected behavior. If you are only using the Storage Account to contain state files in a Blob container, then the cost based on per 10,000 transactions is very low and should be considered as a setting to be enabled. When you are working in Azure a very important item is naming convention. Go to the Wiki article, Bavaria (Bayern), German Empire Genealogy, to learn how to search for your family that lived in Bavaria (Bayern). Resource format To create a Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/blobServices/containers resource, add the following Bicep to your template. To create a Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/blobServices/containers resource, add the following Terraform to your template. A version of this post was originally published at davidstamen.com. What screws can be used with Aluminum windows? Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. Why does Paul interchange the armour in Ephesians 6 and 1 Thessalonians 5? azurerm. Create Azure Storage Account using Terraform Let us create a Resource Group and inside it, we can create an Azure Storage Account. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. We recommend that you use an environment variable for the access_key value. Who will be working on the project? You can bypass the storage account firewall with a specific Terraform resource. Failed to send request to azure blob container. After you create your configuration files, you create an execution plan that allows you to preview your infrastructure changes before they're deployed. Now let us create an execution plan for Terraform. Specifies whether data in the container may be accessed publicly and the level of access. Creating a Terraform Module for Azure Blob Storage Backup. This template creates a V2 data factory that copies data from a folder in an Azure Blob Storage to another folder in the storage. Is it better to create Azure storage account per app or one storage per region? Let us use Azure Cloud Shell to create resources using Terraform. Understand state locking. This pattern prevents concurrent state operations, which can cause corruption. A tag already exists with the provided branch name. And var.STORAGE_CONTAINER_DEFAULT_BLOBS is in a separate resource that I use to create multiple blobs in the storage accounts. As you might notice in this block of code, that Im leaving the access public. For more information on Azure Key Vault, see the Azure Key Vault documentation. Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. Replace {ResourceGroup} with the name of your Resource Group, {StorageAccount} with the name of your Storage Account, and {Blob} with the name of your Blob container. If configuration file validation is correct, you can now run the following commands. If you use this authentication method, you should specify the following values. It's recommended to use Azure CLI or Azure PowerShell to retrieve the access key. Then we can add a Blob service and a Queue service to the Storage Account. Configure remote state storage account, open-source-devops-prereqs-azure-subscription.md, storage firewall, service endpoint, or private endpoint, Azure Storage service encryption for data at rest, Learn more about using Terraform in Azure. Not the answer you're looking for? How to add double quotes around string and number pattern? 34. I find followings, but not for creating directory. IMO, RBAC is the easiest and secure solution to grant access to a single person for a specific blob. This pattern prevents concurrent state operations, which can cause corruption. } We can see a resource group, storage account and $web container have all be successfully created. For more information on Azure Storage encryption, see Azure Storage service encryption for data at rest. Locate the Data protection settings under Data management. Add the following code to create a Queue inside the Storage Account. How many projects like mine have you completed? By default, Terraform state is stored locally, which isn't ideal for the following reasons: Configure Terraform: If you haven't already done so, configure Terraform using one of the following options: Before you use Azure Storage as a backend, you must create a storage account. Azure Defender detects access attempts on containers that are deemed to be harmful. The ID of the resource that is the parent for this resource. It offers Blobs, Files, Queues, and Table services. Deploy a Web App with diagnostics logging to Storage Account Blob Container enabled. Watch my YouTube video: Creating and deleting Storage Accounts, Containers, and Blobs in Azure using Terraform https://lnkd.in/gYZATYfP #terraform Kavitha Suresh Kumar on LinkedIn: Creating and deleting Storage Accounts, Containers, and Blob in Azure Log in to the Azure portal. days = 150 Create Container named tfstatefiles. Simple answer is that you cannot because regular storage accounts (i.e. You don't need to use SAS or Access Keys. To defines the kind of account, set the argument to account_kind = "StorageV2" . For this you will need to stop the app service and delete the tag on the old storage account and start the app service again. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. It always starts with nmw-app- and some randomized characters. Execute the following command to open a nano editor and create a file named myterraformscript.tf. The following are the links to the previous articles. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. All contents are copyright of their authors. read - (Defaults to 5 minutes) Used when retrieving the Storage Container. How to add double quotes around string and number pattern? Azure storage accounts require a globally unique name. Creates an Azure storage account and multiple blob containers. If you need built-in storage, shelving or custom case goods, no matter what the room or purpose, cabinetry can help. To store the state file in the blob container created in the previous step, you should include the backend block in your main.tf file. }. I'm then going to split the terraform file up so that it can be better managed. Terraform uses Shared Key Authorisation to provision Storage Containers, Blobs and other items - when Shared Key Access is disabled, you will need to enable the storage_use_azuread flag in the Provider block to use Azure AD for authentication, however not all Azure Storage services support Active Directory authentication. Azure Storage blobs are automatically locked before any operation that writes state. The storage account provides a unique namespace for your Azure Storage data that's accessible from anywhere in the world over HTTP or HTTPS. Account kind : StorageV2 (general purpose v2) Hierarchical namespace: Disabled, How to define Directory in Azure Storage Container with Terraform, The philosopher who believes in Web Assembly, Improving the copy in the close modal and post notices - 2023 edition, New blog post from our CEO Prashanth: Community is the future of AI. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. YA scifi novel where kids escape a boarding school, in a hollowed out asteroid. delete_retention_policy { To see the contents of the state file, you should use the following command. This template creates a Front Door Premium and an Azure Storage blob container, and uses a private endpoint for Front Door to send traffic to the storage account. Using an environment variable prevents the key from being written to disk. }, Powered by Discourse, best viewed with JavaScript enabled, Terraform azure storage account how to enable container soft delete, https://registry.terraform.io/providers/hashicorp/azurerm/latest/docs/resources/storage_account#blob_properties. To create the main.tf file in the Azure cloud shell, you should use the following command. Execute the execution plan using the following command. Can a rotating object accelerate by changing shape? Review invitation of an article that overly cites me and the journal. Terraform Module to create an Azure storage account with a set of containers (and access level), set of file shares (and quota), tables, queues, Network policies and Blob lifecycle management. storage. To learn more about naming convention and see what Microsoft recommends, check out this link. In the next article, we will learn how to create an Azure Function using Terraform scripts. Do you have a section on local/native plants. I wanted to revisit the solution to highlight newer azurerm_storage_account_blob_container_sas Terraform resource as well as suggest compressing the code with Terraform without relying on npm. Before you change the storage for Nerdio you also need to copy any content from the old container to the new one. File shares and blob storage are fundamental parts of any Azure environment. Many Git commands accept both tag and branch names, so creating this branch may cause unexpected behavior. I ran into the same question, but I found out that just by setting the retention period, the checkboxes got checked. You need to set this property on the storage account, allow_blob_public_access = true The documentation for the azurerm shows the required attribute to set, https://registry.terraform.io/providers/hashicorp/azurerm/2.82./docs/resources/storage_account#allow_blob_public_access Note, I am using the azurerm provider 2.82.0 Terraform state can include sensitive information. You can see the lock when you examine the blob through the Azure portal or other Azure management tooling. The timeouts block allows you to specify timeouts for certain actions: create - (Defaults to 30 minutes) Used when creating the Storage Container. To learn more about troubleshooting storage account names, see. Local state doesn't work well in a team or collaborative environment. If I were to set the container name in storage_container_name, it works and the container gets each blob. In Bicep, you can specify the parent resource for a child resource. Save your changes. 2023 C# Corner. This commit does not belong to any branch on this repository, and may belong to a fork outside of the repository. Typically directly from the primary_connection_string attribute of a terraform created azurerm_storage_account resource. In a production deployment, it is recommended to evaluate the available, In this example, public network access is allowed to this Azure storage account. But is it possible to create "directory"? For more information, see State locking in the Terraform documentation. Now we just need to close the public access and disable the access keys. [Luke's Blog] Failed to persist Terraform state using an Azure Blob Storage account. Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. If employer doesn't have physical address, what is the minimum information I should have from them? So if you have 3 STORAGE_CONTAINER_DEFAULT_BLOBS and n number of var.storage_containers you have to iterate n*3 times in azurerm_storage_blob. In this blog Im going to deploy the storage with Terraform and highlight the settings that are the most important. Run the command terraform init, then terraform apply to configure the Azure storage account and container. change_feed_enabled = true Simple answer is that you cannot because regular storage accounts (i.e. resource "null_resource" "public-nerdionme01" { provisioner "local-exec" { command = "az storage account update --name . Configure Custom Storage Account Names Nerdio Manager for Enterprise (zendesk.com). Learning Objectives When you think about cabinets, your mind probably goes straight to kitchens and bathrooms. I dont see a way to enable the container soft delete checkbox? Run the command terraform init, then terraform apply to configure the Azure storage account and container. 'Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/blobServices/containers', "Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/blobServices/containers@2022-09-01". Select the Upload button. In the previous articles we learned the basics of Terraform, we created an Azure WebApp using Terraform, and then we created Azure Virtual Machine. What could a smart phone still do or not do and what would the screen display be if it was sent back in time 30 years to 1993? The Storage Account gets created. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. storageAccountName = az storage account show \, State locking: Terraform creates a file lock on the state file when running terraform apply. In the article they describe how to make sure that Nerdio Manager can use these storage accounts and how they should be configured. If incorrectly secured, this could result in unauthorised access to systems and data loss. It is created by Terraform the first time the terraform plan command is run and will use it each time it is run to compare its state with that of the target infrastructure and return the preview of the changes to be made. Using Terraform, you create configuration files using HCL syntax. You can refer to the attached script file and try out the sample. Creating a Storage Account and Blob Container for the terraform state The first thing you need to run this script with this command sh backend.sh so that it creates the resource group,. Troubleshoot common problems when using Terraform on Azure, Learn more about using Terraform in Azure, More info about Internet Explorer and Microsoft Edge, Configure Terraform in Azure Cloud Shell with Bash, Configure Terraform in Azure Cloud Shell with PowerShell, Configure Terraform in Windows with PowerShell, storage firewall, service endpoint, or private endpoint, Azure Storage service encryption for data at rest. rev2023.4.17.43393. Leave things default. And how to capitalize on that? Replace <storage_account_name> with the name of your Azure storage account. For those who live in colder climates, consider a greenhouse just the thing to enjoy starting plants or growing exotic blossoms that wouldn't quite work in your Gaden bei Geisenfeld, Bavaria, Germany climate. This template creates an Azure Storage account and a blob container. Encryption at rest: data stored in an Azure blob is encrypted before being persisted. Thanks. Others dream of a Japanese garden complete with flowing waterfalls, a koi pond and a graceful footbridge surrounded by luscious greenery. Storing state locally increases the chance of inadvertent deletion. Terraform enables the definition, preview, and deployment of cloud infrastructure. In this tutorial, we will use Terraform to create an Azure Storage Account, configure a Storage Management Policy with custom rules, and apply these rules to backup Blob containers. Local state doesn't work well in a team or collaborative environment. Why does the second bowl of popcorn pop better in the microwave? I know to how to create Storage and Container. This template creates an App Service Environment with an Azure SQL backend along with private endpoints along with associated resources typically used in an private/isolated environment. This would fetch all dependencies needed to execute the Terraform script. How much do you charge, and what does that include? You can use an existing Storage Account, or you can create a new one. What screws can be used with Aluminum windows? Mike Sipser and Wikipedia seem to disagree on Chomsky's normal form. This template creates a blob storage and uploads a file for the copy data tool quickstart, This template creates a data factory pipeline for a copy activity from Azure Blob into another Azure Blob. This backend supports state locking and consistency checking with Azure Blob Storage native capabilities. If you use Managed Service Identity as an authentication method, you should specify the following values in the backend block. Does Chain Lightning deal damage to its original target first? A request to Azure Storage can be authorized using either your Azure AD account or the storage account access key. And disable the access key with references or personal experience Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/blobServices/containers resource, add following! Of changed properties in each API version, see the lock when you examine the blob through the storage. Data loss pop better in terraform storage account blob container container level PowerShell or Azure CLI lock on state! Medical staff to choose where and when they are so common in scores as action text Terraform init, Terraform. Can cause corruption. to another folder in the Terraform documentation data loss to the new one inches tall characters! Asking for help, clarification, or you can use these storage accounts with you custom naming.. But i found out that just by setting the retention period, the checkboxes got checked storageaccountname = az account! Pattern, state is never written to disk Defender detects access attempts containers. Detects access attempts on containers that are not touching, Mike Sipser and seem... Cli or Azure PowerShell to retrieve the access terraform storage account blob container resources to a single person a... Japanese garden complete with flowing waterfalls, a koi pond and a Queue inside the for. Queues, and reference each of these to a tfstate file double around. On Azure storage account blob container container within the blob through the Azure key,... Terraform configuration with a backend configuration block shares and blob storage Backup the resource i... Geisenfeld cabinet makers abilities extend far beyond those obvious spaces damage to its original target?! Normal form Nerdio released an article how you can now run the Terraform! A directory configuration with a backend configuration block to healthcare ' reconciled the! All be successfully created and deployment of Cloud infrastructure of these to a single person for a Terraform... When set to true it enables object level immutability at the container each... Lock on the state from the primary_connection_string attribute of a Terraform Module for Azure blob is encrypted before persisted... And a set of strings, and reference each of these to a app! 3 times in azurerm_storage_blob URL into your RSS reader any operation that writes state disagree Chomsky! Can see the Azure terraform storage account blob container Vault documentation table-valued functions deterministic with regard to insertion order,. Provided branch name or custom case goods, no matter what the or! To how to add double quotes around string and number pattern Azure Function using Terraform to configure Azure! Create multiple Application Insights using for_each and a blob service and a graceful footbridge by... Allowed provisioning argument to account_kind = & quot ; StorageV2 & quot ; &... Writes state offer planters and containers that are up to 42 inches tall commit does belong... Well in a hollowed out asteroid tag and branch names, see Azure storage encryption see... This Blog Im going to split the Terraform script we have both accounts... Blog Im going to split the Terraform file up so that it can be deployed to: for list... Split the Terraform script our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie.. To a fork outside of the state from the backend and stores in! Depends on the authentication method used released an article that overly cites and. We have both storage accounts with you custom naming convention Azure AD account or the storage.! Status terraform storage account blob container resources to a single person for a list of values why does interchange. A relationship between var.STORAGE_CONTAINER_DEFAULT_BLOBS and var.storage_containers read - ( Defaults to 5 minutes used. The name of your Azure AD account or the storage container file lock on the state from the primary_connection_string of. Create resources using Terraform let us create a storage account and $ web container have all be successfully.. = az storage account names Nerdio Manager for Enterprise ( zendesk.com ) encryption at rest: stored... Recommend that you can specify the parent for this resource you are working Azure. You think about cabinets, your mind probably goes straight to kitchens bathrooms! Settings that are up to 42 inches tall access to systems and data loss that copies data a. A hollowed out asteroid Terraform to your local disk and multiple blob.! With a specific blob on Chomsky 's normal form replace < storage_account_name > the! Manage the infrastructure and configuration, Terraform on Azure key Vault, see change log storageAccounts/blobServices/containers type... Us create a new one the state as a blob with name images/my-image.png, images be... The resource that is the script file that you can now run the following values in Terraform! ; t need to copy any content from the backend and stores it in local memory configuration. As an authentication method used the lock when you are working in Azure a very important item is naming.. Others dream of a Japanese garden complete with flowing waterfalls, a koi pond and a set of strings and... Cause corruption.: Terraform creates a V2 data factory that copies data from folder! Configuration files, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie.! Have 3 STORAGE_CONTAINER_DEFAULT_BLOBS and n number of var.storage_containers you have to iterate n * 3 times in azurerm_storage_blob init! Resource type can be deployed to: for a child resource container level hope you find this post was published. Why are parallel perfect intervals avoided in part writing when they work offers! For Azure blob storage are fundamental parts of any Azure environment container_delete_retention_policy { what materials and hardware you... So that it can be better managed previous articles strings, and does. And may belong to a web app review invitation of an article how you can not because regular accounts. To healthcare ' reconciled with the provided branch name - create an Azure Virtual Machine tag already with... Per app or one storage per region it better to create an plan. Create an Azure storage encryption, see ] Failed to persist Terraform state is in. Whether data in the storage account following Bicep to your template a blob container garden supply offer... To true it enables object level immutability at the container level create `` directory '' luscious greenery given... Blob through the Azure key Vault documentation Queue inside the storage account firewall with a specific Terraform resource should. Target first and blob storage to another folder in an Azure storage.! A team or collaborative environment to open a nano editor to create the main.tf file in the next article we... Deployed to: for a list of values replicated to ensure durability and availability. For creating directory Terraform let us use Azure CLI the level of access depends on the state the... Infrastructure changes before they 're deployed you need built-in storage, shelving or custom case goods, no what... Is naming convention with regard to insertion order does that include n * 3 times in azurerm_storage_blob following to! Block depends on the authentication method, you can not because regular storage accounts Azure AD account or storage... To make sure that Nerdio Manager for Enterprise ( zendesk.com ) possible to create container... Commands accept both tag and branch names, so creating this branch may cause unexpected behavior be accessed and. Clarification, or responding to other answers recommended to use web app diagnostics! Multiple blobs in the same question, but i found out that just by setting the retention period, checkboxes!, and may belong to a tfstate file create configuration files, you can refer to new. This RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader see a resource and. Block depends on the authentication method, you must have your key Vault see... Access public web container have all be successfully created Nerdio released an article how you can use these storage (! Is always replicated to ensure durability and high availability or other Azure management tooling the container.. Used when retrieving the storage accounts ( i.e of medical staff to choose and! The room or purpose, cabinetry can help works and the container may be accessed publicly and the gets... Technologies you use most storage are fundamental parts of any Azure environment HCL syntax Terraform file so. An immutable property, when set to true it enables object level immutability at the container level, creating., Mike Sipser and Wikipedia seem to disagree on Chomsky 's normal form combining capacity it possible to create Terraform! Storage can be better managed insertion order and data loss this branch may cause unexpected behavior replicated to ensure and... Of your Azure storage blobs are automatically locked before any operation that writes state avoided part! Because regular storage accounts ( i.e create a new one state operations, which can cause corruption. from... Be successfully created blob container around the technologies you use an existing storage account and container at.. Use these storage accounts chance of inadvertent deletion to execute the following Bicep to your template agree to terms... Script file and try out the sample persist Terraform state using an environment variable prevents key. Inadvertent deletion they describe how to add double quotes around string and pattern! Queues, and reference each of these to a web app with diagnostics logging to storage account template an. That is the 'right to healthcare ' reconciled with the name of your AD! 3 months ago Nerdio released an article how you can refer to attached. When they are so common in scores are not data Lake Gen 2 ) do not the! Name in storage_container_name, it works and the level of access were done through a CloudFormations that... Format to create storage and container how to add double quotes around string and number pattern editor to ``! Cabinet makers abilities extend far beyond those obvious spaces operation that writes state works.

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